<figure class="image image-style-align-right"><a href="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/Johns+Hopkins+CEIRR+(JH-CEIRR).pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" download="download"><img src="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/Johns_Hopkins_CEIRR_JH_CEIRR_f870cbda0d.png"></a><figcaption>JH-CEIRR Infobyte highlighting the Center’s major research areas and unique methodologies. To view a full-size PDF version, click the image above.</figcaption></figure>The CEIRR Network studies the natural history, transmission, and pathogenesis of influenza and other respiratory viruses that have the potential to cause seasonal disease and potentially new outbreaks. The seven multidisciplinary and collaborative research Centers provide an international research infrastructure to address respiratory viral outbreaks. One such Center, the Johns Hopkins University CEIRR (<a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/centers/jh-ceirr" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JH-CEIRR</a>), operates a research pipeline integrating respiratory virus surveillance, virus isolation and characterization, immunological responses to vaccination and infection, and disease diagnostics development. Under the leadership of <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/search?keyword=Andrew%20Pekosz" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Andrew Pekosz, Ph.D.</a> and <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/search?keyword=Richard%20Rothman" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Richard Rothman, M.D., Ph.D.</a>, both at Johns Hopkins University, JH-CEIRR’s studies cover four major themes:&nbsp;<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li>Virus Surveillance and Isolation&nbsp;</li><li>Antigenic Evolution and Fitness&nbsp;</li><li>Variations in Immune Response&nbsp;</li><li>Computational Analysis of Disease&nbsp;</li></ol>Dr. Pekosz was recruited to Johns Hopkins University by the late Diane Griffin, M.D., Ph.D., in part to establish an influenza research presence at the university. In parallel, Dr. Rothman was working on diagnostics for infectious diseases with a biodefense program. At the behest of Dr. Griffin, Drs. Pekosz and Rothman began discussing opportunities to continue studying influenza and developing diagnostics. Drawing on Dr. Rothman’s clinical and diagnostic experience and Dr. Pekosz’s &nbsp;basic science and public health expertise, they began strategizing on a pipeline to better understand and respond to seasonal influenza. The two identified additional investigators to join the effort and eventually secured funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to form JH-CEIRR, which was originally called <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/about/the-legacy-of-ceirs/ceirs-center-archive#:~:text=Johns%20Hopkins%20Center%20of%20Excellence%20for%20Influenza%20Research%20and%20Surveillance" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" download="download">JH-CEIRS</a> under the original <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/about/the-legacy-of-ceirs/ceirs-center-archive" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" download="download">CEIRS</a> contract.&nbsp;When asked about JH-CEIRR’s scientific aims, Dr. Pekosz took a step back to emphasize that “influenza is more than a bad cold… it causes tens of thousands of deaths a year and hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations every year in the US alone.” JH-CEIRR researchers aim to drastically reduce these negative health impacts of influenza by:&nbsp;<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li>Improving diagnostic tools to detect the virus earlier&nbsp;</li><li>Identifying factors in individuals that increase their risk of developing severe disease&nbsp;</li><li>Determining how to boost immune responses after vaccination&nbsp;</li><li>Predicting if an emerging influenza strain strengthened its replication fitness and thereby increased its ability to infect or cause disease&nbsp;</li></ol>The Center’s collaborative approach combines scientific, clinical, and public health analyses to improve how local, national, and global organizations prepare for and respond to influenza viruses seasonally and during outbreaks.&nbsp;Today, JH-CEIRR’s research pipeline is comprised of more than 15 investigators and has generated over <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/resources/publications?keyword=(Center)%20JH-CEIRR" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">35 publications</a> on the evolution and pathogenesis of influenza, variations in immune responses to influenza infection and vaccination, and improving diagnostics. A unique strength of JH-CEIRR’s pipeline focuses on computational analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to study host factors that affect disease severity and immune responses. Dr. Pekosz shared that he’s particularly excited by JH-CEIRR’s investigators’ ability to “identify virus mutations or recombination events that impact disease severity and spread in the population.” He’s fascinated by how an influenza virus changes a basic trait, like its ability to replicate or form a plaque in the lab, and is simultaneously able to evade pre-existing immune responses, which ultimately results in a viral strain that may cause more infections or more severe disease in a population.<figure class="image image-style-align-right"><img src="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/JH_CEIRR_PI_headshot_Richard_Rothman_300x302_190738de0e.png"><figcaption>Co-principal Investigator of JH-CEIRR, Richard Rothman, M.D., Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University</figcaption></figure><figure class="image image-style-align-right"><img src="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/JH_CEIRR_PI_headshot_Andrew_Pekosz_300x301_0a4406ec30.png"><figcaption>Principal Investigator of JH-CEIRR, Andrew Pekosz, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University</figcaption></figure>Looking forward, Dr. Pekosz is interested in an expansion of CEIRR’s research efforts applied to all respiratory viruses. He envisions a future where the field leverages their expertise on influenza to study other respiratory viruses, especially those that have the potential to cause new outbreaks. From his view, “we have the skillsets in the Network to make a difference with all respiratory virus infections, not just influenza.”&nbsp;The iDPCC interviewed Dr. Andrew Pekosz to learn more about his experiences:&nbsp;1. Who/what inspired you to go into science in general?It was really about having great high school teachers – both science and non-science – who encouraged me to use logic and reason to solve problems. That led me to focus in on science research and when I found a great virology lab as an undergraduate, I was hooked for life.&nbsp;2. What is one thing on your bucket list?&nbsp;To sing in a Broadway musical.&nbsp;3. How has your career trajectory changed over time?&nbsp;I’ve been very fortunate to have a pretty straightforward career trajectory. At every stage of my career and education, I focused in on what I loved to do and tried to find the best places to do that.&nbsp;4. Do you have advice for early career scientists on career longevity in research?It all starts with loving what you do. You then just have to follow the virus and it will continually show you interesting and important things you should investigate.&nbsp;5. Do you have any hobbies or special interests that you'd like to share?I tend to obsess about Premier League Soccer (its actually Football) and Japanese giant monster movies (think Godzilla).&nbsp;6. What is your favorite conference that you attended?The Negative Strand RNA Virus Conference is always great – a perfect mix of science and socializing.&nbsp;7. What is your favorite country to attend a conference… or a vacation?&nbsp;I love visiting England and always combine both when I’m there.&nbsp;8. Are you a morning person or a night person?&nbsp;Both! Sleep is overrated…&nbsp;

Spotlight

JH-CEIRR

Influenza

Infobyte

Principal investigators, Drs. Andrew Pekosz and Richard Rothman, recount the origin of JH-CEIRR, describe its research pipeline, and envision a future tackling more respiratory viral infections.&nbsp;

JH-CEIRR Infobyte highlighting the Center’s major research areas and unique methodologies. To view a full-size PDF version, click the image above.

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Johns Hopkins University CEIRR (JH-CEIRR)

<figure class="image image-style-align-right"><a href="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/University+of+Pennsylvania+CEIRR+(Penn-CEIRR).pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" download="download"><img src="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/University_of_Pennsylvania_CEIRR_Penn_CEIRR_c9735aec8b.png"></a><figcaption>Penn-CEIRR Infobyte highlighting key areas of research and approaches. To view a full-size PDF version, click the image above.</figcaption></figure>The CEIRR Network is composed of seven multidisciplinary and collaborative research Centers focused on unraveling influenza virus transmission, pathogenicity, and ecology to support public health and mitigate the impact of influenza infection. University of Pennsylvania CEIRR (<a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/centers/penn-ceirr" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Penn-CEIRR</a>) contributes to this mission through its specialization in longitudinal human studies, viral surveillance, immunology, and computational modeling to better understand immune responses to influenza vaccination and infection and the risks posed by emerging flu strains. Headed by <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/search?keyword=Scott%20Hensley" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Scott Hensley, Ph.D.</a> of the University of Pennsylvania, and in collaboration with institutions across the United States, Asia, and the United Kingdom, Penn-CEIRR drives research in three key areas that contribute to a deeper understanding of influenza virus evolution and immunity:&nbsp;<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li>Longitudinal Human Studies&nbsp;</li><li>Risk Assessment&nbsp;</li><li>Computational Modeling Core</li></ol>The story of Penn-CEIRR is rooted in collaboration. When assembling his research group 15 years ago, Dr. Hensley says he dreamed of running a CEIRR Center. He found many of his research goals aligned with CEIRR’s (then <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/about/the-legacy-of-ceirs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CEIRS</a>) mission and established strong, enduring partnerships to answer them. Today, many PIs within Penn-CEIRR are collaborators from his days as an Assistant Professor. With over 35 investigators across more than 20 institutions Dr. Hensley says, “I think we assembled a terrific group of creative researchers that work well with each other.”Penn-CEIRR combines experimental and computational methods to better understand the epidemiology, immunology, and evolutionary biology of influenza viruses. This includes collecting data from over 10 clinical studies, including longitudinal human cohorts, to evaluate viral transmission within households and communities, analyze individual influenza immunity, and isolate and characterize human-derived influenza viruses. Additionally, Penn-CEIRR surveils influenza viruses from swine and birds to inform risk assessments and response strategies. The Penn-CEIRR has a strong computational program that integrates data generated throughout the CEIRR network. The marriage of these approaches enables Penn-CEIRR to:&nbsp;<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li>Evaluate antigenic drift of influenza viruses&nbsp;</li><li>Assess immunity against emerging influenza virus strains&nbsp;</li><li>Understand how childhood exposure to influenza viruses shapes immune responses to seasonal and emerging strains later in life&nbsp;</li><li>Characterize variation in immune responses to influenza vaccination&nbsp;</li><li>Develop new influenza vaccine strategies and platforms&nbsp;</li></ol>To date, Penn-CEIRR has generated over <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/resources/publications" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">145 publications</a> and <a href="https://app.ceirr-network.org/search" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">6,100 influenza genomic sequences</a>.The utility of these approaches is demonstrated by Penn-CEIRR's recent efforts to respond to new, antigenically drifted subclade K H3N2 viruses that have been circulating in humans. Using a combination of methods including high-throughput neutralization assays, serology techniques, and electron microscopy-based polyclonal epitope mapping (EMPEM), Penn-CEIRR successfully characterized the specificity of immune responses to these antigenically drifted viruses to enable effective influenza infection mitigation. As Dr. Hensley says, “Near real-time assessment of antigenically drifted strains is critical for choosing effective vaccine strains for upcoming influenza seasons.”&nbsp;<figure class="image image-style-align-right"><img src="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/Scott_Hensley_Image_resized_b1d4d1f558.png"><figcaption>Principal Investigator of Penn-CEIRR, Scott Hensley, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania</figcaption></figure>Looking toward the future, Dr. Hensley believes ongoing collaboration will be key for the continued success of the CEIRR Program, stating “CEIRR has a terrific network of scientists that can respond to any emerging threat, such as a new drifted H3N2 variant or an entirely new subtype that infects livestock leading to human infections. It is critical for CEIRR to foster collaborations between scientists with diverse interests so that we can continue our mission of decreasing the toll caused by influenza virus infections.”&nbsp;The iDPCC interviewed Dr. Scott Hensley to learn more about his experiences:&nbsp;1. Who/what inspired you to go into science in general?I thought that I was going to be a professional basketball player up to ~18 years of age, at which point I realized I wasn’t very fast or tall, and I couldn’t jump high. I didn’t consider science until a bit later in life, but after I worked in a lab as an undergraduate I became hooked.&nbsp;2. Do you have advice for early career scientists on career longevity in research?Have fun and pursue questions that you think are interesting.&nbsp;3. Do you have any hobbies or special interests that you'd like to share?&nbsp;I like playing tennis and coaching my son and daughter’s basketball teams.&nbsp;4. What is your favorite country to attend a conference… or a vacation?Spain5. Are you a morning person or a night person?Night

Penn-CEIRR

Principal Investigator, Dr. Scott Hensley, describes the collaborative research performed by Penn-CEIRR to better understand influenza virus evolution and susceptibility through virological, immunological, and computational modeling approaches.&nbsp;

Penn-CEIRR Infobyte highlighting key areas of research and approaches. To view a full-size PDF version, click the image above. 

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University of Pennsylvania CEIRR (Penn-CEIRR)

<figure class="image image-style-align-right"><a href="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/St.+Jude+Children%E2%80%99s+Research+Hospital+CEIRR+(SJCEIRR).pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" download="download"><img src="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/sjceirr_infographic_v5_25p_3322b69c8f.png"></a><figcaption>SJCEIRR Infobyte highlighting its major research arms and unique strengths. To view a full-size PDF version, click the image above.</figcaption></figure>The CEIRR Network studies the natural history, transmission, and pathogenesis of influenza and other respiratory viruses of pandemic potential. The seven multidisciplinary and collaborative research Centers provide an international research infrastructure to address outbreaks from influenza and other respiratory viruses. One such Center, the St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital CEIRR (<a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/centers/sjceirr" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SJCEIRR</a>), uncovers how animal influenza viruses evolve and transmit to humans by combining global animal surveillance, multi-disciplinary research, and collaboration with partner institutions. Under the leadership of <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/search?keyword=Richard%20Webby" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Richard Webby, Ph.D.</a>, and <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/search?keyword=Stacey%20Schultz-Cherry" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Ph.D.</a>, both at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, SJCEIRR’s mission covers four major research arms:&nbsp;<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li>Pathogenesis&nbsp;</li><li>Transmission&nbsp;</li><li>Immunology&nbsp;</li><li>Risk Assessment&nbsp;</li></ol>St. Jude has played an important role in influenza research since the original <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/about/the-legacy-of-ceirs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CEIRS</a> contract that started in 2007 under the leadership of Dr. Robert Webster when the Center was known as <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/about/the-legacy-of-ceirs/ceirs-center-archive#:~:text=St.%20Jude%20Center%20of%20Excellence%20for%20Influenza%20Research%20and%20Surveillance" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">St. Jude CEIRS</a>. Interestingly, the original CEIRS contract was an extension of other influenza research awarded to St. Jude by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in 1999. In response to the 1997 H5N1 outbreak in Hong Kong, the contract established an influenza surveillance program in aquatic birds and live bird markets in Hong Kong, along with studying the natural history of influenza viruses that had the potential to cause a pandemic. With the 1999 contract, the St. Jude team also trained investigators in animal influenza surveillance techniques, developed tests for viral detection, and provided seed vaccines to NIAID. Today, SJCEIRR is helmed by Drs. Webby and Schultz-Cherry. Though the contracts and personnel have shifted, Dr. Schultz-Cherry notes, “the mission of SJCEIRR has remained the same - unravel critical mysteries in the emergence and spread of influenza viruses.”&nbsp;Simply put, to unravel the mysteries of influenza biology, SJCEIRR investigators track flu viruses around the world and study how they work. This can take a variety of approaches, like understanding how an influenza virus causes disease, how it evolves over time, how it spreads among animals and humans, or how it interacts with an animal’s or human’s immune system. Dr. Schultz-Cherry says that three questions help ground SJCEIRR’s research projects:&nbsp;<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li>How do new viruses arise?&nbsp;</li><li>What mutations enable new viruses to spread among the human population and cause a new outbreak?&nbsp;</li><li>What are the options for controlling them?&nbsp;</li></ol>Answering these questions can help scientists understand how new outbreaks may begin and what intervention strategies can minimize the harm to animal and human health.&nbsp;Today, more than 50 investigators and collaborators contribute to SJCEIRR’s mission, publishing <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/resources/publications?keyword=SJCEIRR" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">over 270 publications</a> on influenza virus evolution and transmission, as well as the impact of pre-existing immunity and high-risk factors for disease in humans and animals. Additionally, SJCEIRR investigators generated more than 5,600 freely available <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/resources/reagents" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">reagents</a> and <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/resources/ferret-reagents" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ferret reagents</a> to advance influenza and other viral research. When asked what recent discovery from their Center excited the SJCEIRR PI’s most, Dr. Schultz-Cherry expressed, “That’s a tough question. We are proud of all our Center investigators and laboratory discoveries. It’s hard to choose just one.”&nbsp;Looking toward the future, Dr. Schultz-Cherry wants to see the CEIRR Program address critical high-risk/high-reward topics and questions in the field that can’t be funded by traditional grant funding mechanisms but may be possible under a future CEIRR contract. She also looks forward to continued development of resources and reagents to advance the field of influenza virology.&nbsp;<figure class="image image-style-align-right"><img src="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/SJCEIRR_PI_headshot_Richard_Webby_297x298_7aef7f3f2b.png"><figcaption>Principal Investigator of SJCEIRR, Richard Webby, Ph.D., St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital</figcaption></figure><figure class="image image-style-align-right"><img src="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/SJCEIRR_PI_headshot_Stacey_Schultz_Cherry_300x300_dc23aab1a8.png"><figcaption>Co-principal Investigator of SJCEIRR, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Ph.D., St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital</figcaption></figure>The iDPCC interviewed Drs. Richard Webby (RW) and Stacey Schultz-Cherry (SSC) to learn more about their experiences:&nbsp;1. What is one thing on your bucket list?RW: Score the game winning try for the All Blacks over the Springboks. Beginning to think it’s a little unlikely, however.SSC: Travel the world and experience new cultures. Rescue every stray animal I see, especially the cats and mini farm animals.2. Do you have advice for early career scientists on career longevity in research?RW: Don’t be too concerned that your experiences are different from others and don’t take too much stock in “advice from others”. There are many different paths to a career in science research.SSC: Grow a thick skin. Academic research is not for the faint hearted. Develop a network of trusted colleagues.3. What is your favorite country to attend a conference… or a vacation?RW: Anywhere except Australia. Far too many Australians.SSC: London or the greater British Isles.4. Are you a morning person or a night person?RW: MorningSSC: Morning

SJCEIRR

Principal investigators, Drs. Webby and Schultz-Cherry, describe the decades-long mission of SJCEIRR, even before its origin, and aim for a future addressing critical knowledge gaps and resource needs.&nbsp;

SJCEIRR Infobyte highlighting its major research arms and unique strengths.

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St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital CEIRR (SJCEIRR)

<figure class="image image-style-align-right image_resized" style="width:75%;"><a href="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/The+NIAID+CEIRR+Program_+Viral+Risk+Assessment+and+Pandemic+Response.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://ceirr-public-website-static-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/NIAID_CEIRR_Infographic_10p_24d45566a3.png"></a><figcaption>NIAID CEIRR Infographic illustrating its impact in viral risk assessment and pandemic response strategies. To view a full-size PDF version, click the image above.</figcaption></figure>The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (<a href="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">NIAID</a>) funds the Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/about" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">(CEIRR) Program</a>, a multidisciplinary and collaborative research network that studies the natural history, transmission and pathogenesis of influenza and other respiratory viruses. A particular emphasis of CEIRR’s network of investigators is viral risk assessment, or the characterization of how a virus may cause an undesirable health outcome to humans or animals. The CEIRR Network is organized into six academic research Centers that generate data on influenza biology, immunology, and epidemiology, among other topics, while also preparing emergency response infrastructure to address influenza outbreaks.CEIRR’s viral risk assessment strategy involves identifying a viral threat, collecting samples through targeted surveillance efforts, assessing the virus’s characteristics in the laboratory, and communicating their findings to response organizations and the wider scientific community. CEIRR’s approach is iterative in that new viral variants that may emerge are characterized during response efforts which may affect the overall risk assessment of an event. CEIRR’s expertise in responding to past outbreaks allows investigators to better prepare for future outbreaks. The preparedness infrastructure is crucial because rapidly deploying risk assessment strategies will minimize potential harm.Two key collaborations that CEIRR investigators contribute to are the CEIRR Risk Assessment Pipeline (<a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/news/niaid-ceirr-risk-assessment-pipeline-rap" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">RAP</a>) and the SARS-CoV-2 Assessment of Viral Evolution (<a href="https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/sars-cov-2-assessment-viral-evolution-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SAVE</a>) Program. CEIRR established the RAP to characterize emerging viruses, like during the <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/news/browse?topic=&amp;center=&amp;category=Bovine%20H5N1%20Outbreak" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">bovine H5N1 outbreak</a>, and coordinate activities among the CEIRR Centers and relay findings to other government response agencies. The SAVE Program was formed in 2020 by NIAID to coordinate real-time risk assessment of emerging mutations in SARS-CoV-2 strains among several federal health agencies. Both programs have improved national and international collaboration, streamlined resources and knowledge sharing, and generated data to contribute to ongoing risk assessments completed by public health agencies.Alongside preparing and responding to viral threats, CEIRR investigators have published <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/resources/publications" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">over 940 cutting-edge research manuscripts</a> to further the scientific community’s understanding of influenza biology, risk factors, treatment strategies, and more. Including <a href="https://www.ceirr-network.org/about/the-legacy-of-ceirs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CEIRS</a>, an earlier iteration of the program that began in 2007, the publication count surpasses 3,800. Its influenza and viral risk assessment expertise positions the CEIRR Program to impactfully investigate emerging viruses, assess risk, prepare for emergencies, and rapidly respond to threats to minimize harm to animals and humans around the world.

CIDER

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Emory-CEIRR

SARS-CoV-2

Surveillance

Outbreaks

The CEIRR Program is a multidisciplinary and collaborative research network funded by NIAID. This infographic describes how CEIRR investigators conduct surveillance projects to assess risk and investigate how influenza viruses infect, evolve, and spread in both humans and animals.

NIAID CEIRR Infographic illustrating its impact in viral risk assessment and pandemic response strategies.

CEIRR

When

Details

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